FINA
La votul,
FINA a aprobat o nouă interpretare a permite executarea loviturii delfin unice
la retragerea a veni în orice moment înainte de prima lovitura bras. Anterior,
normele necesare unele separare a mâinilor înainte de prima lovitura delfin.
Modificarea va intra în vigoare imediat.
==============
Comentarii pertinente
·
swimmer
Never
thought this was a huge issue….the huge issue is the multiple dolphin kicks off
of the walls, especially the starts. Also the dolphin kick at the end of the
breaststroke kick, especially in the middle of the pool.
newswim
I believe
Nort Thornton has been recommending that swimmers use a fly kick and then
immediately begin the stroke cycle without a pullout. His rationale is that the
recovery phase during the pullout negates any of the speed pick up from pull
down. Don’t know if the CAL breaststrokers every used his technique in races.
When does
this new rule become effective for FINA and USA swimming?
newswim
I assume
that if the other rule wording remains unchanged the phases (without a pullout)
would be streamline, fly kick, breaststroke kick (hands still in streamline)
pull (head breaks surface at widest part of pull) and so on……to meet the
requirement that any fly kick must be followed by a breaststroke kick
vgrol98
Not sure
whether or not that’s what they mean. I think the part “at any point prior to
the breaststroke kick.” just means that you’re not allowed to use dolphin kicks
during the above-water part.
But of it
really means that we would be allowed to have streamline, dolphin kick and then
immediatly the breaststroke kick, it would be a huge improvement.
vgrol98
SWIMREF said
about the same (if you scroll down a bit)
I don’t
think this interpretation is correct. You can dive then streamline then fly
kick, but the stroke must start with a pull then a breaststroke kick, not a
breaststroke kick then a pull. This is under rule SW7.2 – “From the start and
throughout the race the stroke cycle shall be one arm stroke and one leg kick
in that order”.
I think my judges will still struggle in deciding, if the swimmer performs their fly kick before their pull-out, whether the swimmer performs a second fly kick during the pull-out (aka A-pull or butterfly stroke). I understand that the fly kick was introduced because senior swimmers inevitably perform an undulation during the full-out and this can look like a fly kick – hence this kick was allowed.
I think my judges will still struggle in deciding, if the swimmer performs their fly kick before their pull-out, whether the swimmer performs a second fly kick during the pull-out (aka A-pull or butterfly stroke). I understand that the fly kick was introduced because senior swimmers inevitably perform an undulation during the full-out and this can look like a fly kick – hence this kick was allowed.
newswim
My reading
is that the new rule allows two things not previously permitted. One, is the
fly kick in streamline (no need to initiate the pull with separation of hands)
and the second is fly kick any time off the start and turns as long as it
precedes the breaststroke kick. Some might now experiment with inserting the
fly kick after the pull down and glide. Previously this was thought slower
because you couldn’t fully exploit the power of the pull down glide.
Here is the
USA rule book amended wording
“101.2.3
Kick – After the start and each turn, at any time prior to the first
breaststroke kick a single butterflykick is permitted. Following which, all
movements of the legs shall be simultaneous and in the same horizontalplane
without alternating movement.
The feet must be turned outwards during the propulsive part of the kick. Scissors, alternating movements ordownward butterfly kicks are not permitted except as provided herein. Breaking the surface of the water with the
feet is allowed unless followed by a downward butterfly kick.”
The feet must be turned outwards during the propulsive part of the kick. Scissors, alternating movements ordownward butterfly kicks are not permitted except as provided herein. Breaking the surface of the water with the
feet is allowed unless followed by a downward butterfly kick.”
asdf
Tell that to
Kevin Cordes. He goes close to 15 meters off every wall. Hard to imagine he
could do that with just one fly kick
coacherik
Swimmer, you
need to consider the stroke and turn official who has to make a call across 4
lanes at an age group meet and those who have to teach it. This simplification
makes it easy on everyone involved. Some athletes will benefit tremendously
from this while still limiting the kick count to one.
wave rider
I still
don’t understand why Fina won’t use instant replay at major competitions like
every other sport.
DrSwim_Phil
This! They
could just easily use the underwater video camera system and it would fix this
problem of “officials can’t see it”, but they won’t because it would pick off a
majority of the big names.
wave rider
It could
also be used for 15m breakout rule. The officials don’t catch everything above
water either. A few years ago at ncaa championships in the 200 medely, I can’t
remember the exact year or team, I think it may have been Auburn but the
butterflyer was clearly past 15m. No question about it and it wasn’t called.
I’m not calling for replay in ncaa but this goes to show that officials miss
some things and this same situation WILL happen in world competition at some
point. Why not put in replay to prevent this?
Gina
Rhinestone
Question .Is
it 15 m or 15 yard rules in a 25 years pool?
15 mtrs =
16.40 yards so there is almost a 1 1/2 yard advantage for good turners …..
and there is
is only 8.6 yards left to swim!
Braden Keith
Gina – it’s
15 meters even in a yards pool. Counterintuitive, but is the way it is.
That sounds
nice, but no other sport uses that instant replay to call penalties or fouls.
Do they? The cameras catch lots of things that the human eyes don’t.
aswimfan
Tennis use
Hawkeye.
As for me, I
don’t propose instant replay. I propose video replay to be used only in case of
objection or protest.
wave rider
The NBA
reviews clear path fouls and flagrant fouls.
A clear path
fouls is when an offense player is breaking up the court with no defender in
reasonable position to make play on the ball and a defender grabs him from
behind to prevent the easy lay up/dunk. The offense is automatically awarded 2
points even if he is 50 feet from the basket.
The
difference between a flagrant and regular foul is that the offence gets
possession after the free throws.
Both of
these situations are fouls/penalties but the reason for the replay is because
of scoring or possession of the ball.
While double
dolphin kicks in breast and kicking past 15m are only part of the race, think
about this, when someone takes multiply dolphin kicks in breast or kicks to 16
meters in bk/fl/fr and wins by a very narrow margin like .05 aren’t those
multiple dolphin kicks or kicking past 15 in essence “scoring plays”?
Cale
In athletics
several cameras are placed at both curves to check if someone has steped on or
crossed lane line
Didier
Judo does on
their main events: camera’s provide two judges sitting on the side of the
tatami with a delayed view on the fight to assist the judge leading the fight,
and the system also offers replay-functionality.
World Record Championships women's 400 individual medley
Results: http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download…
Swimmer A
While that
is a great idea to monitor the pullout, where do you draw the line on what is a
“major competition” and what isn’t? What pools, teams, or meets would have
access to underwater cameras and instant replay? If one were to achieve a
record of some kind at a meet where this wasn’t used, a heated debate would
spring up as to whether it should be counted as legal.
FlySwim
This is
great for clarity, consistency and fairness for all swimmers.
beaststroke
funny how
cody is the picture for this article
Breaststroker
I was
thinking the same thing. Dude cheats off of every wall.
umadbro
you a lil
salty bro
Breaststroker
No. I’ve
just seen him swim a lot.
Swimref
Breaststroke
still must follow stroke cycle which is a pull then a kick. If swimmer does fly
kick at anytime prior to first breaststroke kick they still have to start the
breaststroke cycle with a pull first. Whether they elect to take the first pull
fully past hips or not is their choice or as suggested they move immediately to
stroke recovery from breast. In either case stroke must still start with a pull
before they initiate their first breaststroke kick. The rule change on fly kick
at anytime prior to first breastroke kick is a welcome change as judging the
kick placement after the initiating breasteoke pull was always difficult at
best.
james
they can change
the stroke.but it better make us faster
Mac
I’m curious
if the new rule will be used at USA Nationals next week?
- Braden Keith
Mac – we’ve asked, but haven’t heard back yet. It’s
sort of tricky, because it’s going to be approved by USA Swimming at some point
(they won’t have a different rule), but there’s some administrative process
that has to happen before that can be.
- floppy
Seems like the easiest thing to do is quietly tell
officials not to notice any violations that will soon become legal.
Braden/All
I am in Doha and just spoke with Carol Zaleski – FINA TSC Chair who explained the rule here – she said that has been in contact with Jay Thomas – USA Rules Chair – and that the rule is to go into effect immediately and expects us to follow it in Greensboro next week.
I am in Doha and just spoke with Carol Zaleski – FINA TSC Chair who explained the rule here – she said that has been in contact with Jay Thomas – USA Rules Chair – and that the rule is to go into effect immediately and expects us to follow it in Greensboro next week.
- Braden Keith
Thanks Sid. That’s the same word we got from the USA
Swimming spokespeople.
- Mackenzie
Having now found someone else who uses the display
name Mac, I am both shocked and excited that you spell it without the K. This
sadly means I will now be going by Mackenzie to avoid confusion.
Backinthebox
You know, another way to make the rule easier for officials to manage
breaststroke pullouts is to ban the dolphin kick altogether. Think about it,
any undulation would result in a DQ. Seems pretty easy to manage to me – any
upward or downward hip movement would be an instant DQ at any level.
So in how
many years will it be unlimited dolphin kicking to 15 metres in breaststroke on
each length???
- Matt
The dolphin kick was originally made legal because it
was so hard to make a call on, so banning the dolphin kick would just be going
back to pre-2004; there really is no good change to be made aside from
underwater monitoring, which FINA has already turned down. FINA also turned
down unlimited dolphin kicks to 15m off the start at the same voting.
How about
being consistent across all four strokes and allow breaststrokers to swim
underwater to 15 m? The pullout rule is in place to prevent the shallow water
blackout that would occur before the rule was in place and swimmers would do
most of the race underwater. Not sure how I fell about video replay. I would
hate to take the human portion out of officiating but it would make everyone
follow the rules if videos of all races were examined before results become
official.
Buster
The dolphin
kick was introduced because of the difficulty for the officials to see what was
happening underwater with some high profile embarrassing situations (Kitajima,
Athens). Allowing a flick of the hips and legs took the pressure off the
officials and made it fair. Then the early kick was introduced making things
difficult again. So now they remove the restriction on timing of the kick. But
we may now have the situation where swimmers illegally put an early kick in
along with a late one (which will be difficult for the officials to see!). So
we are basically back to the old rules plus a single early dolphin kick. Except
some in a race will put in an early kick and some a late one. Good luck judges!
Get back to the spirit of the original rule change and say the kick can only
occur in the last half of the pull.
- swimbob
I couldn’t agree more. It doesn’t really help
anything. In fact, now the swimmer will be even farther away from the official,
making it more difficult to see.
- Jon Isaacson
That makes too much sense.
Bossanova
The envelope
is getting pushed further and further. Think of what these rules wrt dolphin
kicks originally set out to do and ask are they accomplishing that? Now most
elite swimmers will STILL do two dolphin kicks- one before the pull out and one
“undulation” during the pull out.
Jared
Anderson
As a
breaststroker myself, I’m completely in favor of this change. It’s more
practically enforceable for officials, who were forced to make difficult,
subjective decisions on almost every turn under the old system.
I’m hoping
we’ll see the underwater cameras and instant video replay become more and more
involved, though. Watching pullouts from underwater gives a significantly more
accurate view than trying to judge solely from the surface.
Sven
As others
have stated, my concern is the ease with which one can do a kick both before
and during the pulldown. When the early kick (hands separate, pause, kick,
pull) came on the scene, the hardest habit to break was not throwing in a
second kick where I was used to doing it previously. I think it would be easy
for a swimmer racing in the middle of the pool to sneak in a small second kick
for a little extra boost. Not to cast doubt on any official, it’s just hard to
be certain of what you saw when it’s in the middle of the pool and underwater.
If I’m not
mistaken, the initial justification for allowing the dolphin kick was that
undulation during the pulldown is a natural motion so why suppress it? So
looking at it in that light, we see that the rules were clarified to state that
because a kick at a certain point in the pull (between the shoulders and
hips-ish) is natural, that a kick at any point in the pull (just after
separation) is natural. Now we’ve abandoned any thought of the pull or of
“natural” motions altogether and have effectively said “You know what? Just do
it whenever but PLEASE just do it once.”
I’m not
against the dolphin kick, per se, but I think it’s been pushed a little bit too
much, and that FINA, when pushed, has typically stepped back and made
concessions instead of being firm (with the exception of the multiple kick
proposal… that was too soon, give it a couple more years.) This issue is only
going to get better under one of two conditions: either underwater replay is
instituted when available (which doesn’t necessarily stop a swimmer from just
getting qualifying times/records at small meets where he or she can cheat
because filming isn’t available) or unlimited dolphin kicks are allowed to 15m.
Personally,
I’d rather see the dolphin kick banned altogether before seeing unlimited kicks
allowed, so I’m more for the underwater replay. What that would mean, though,
is that every meet using underwater footage would run even more slowly during
the breaststroke heats, as there are multiple turns and any inquiry would mean
searching through footage for the specific turn in question.
Long story
short, the solution is to just remove breaststroke as a competitive stroke
altogether because people cheat and I was a butterflyer anyway so who cares.
Swimfast
I only
started competing in the 100 and 200 breaststroke again this year and got DQ-ed
like 4 times for this. When I was younger (when I swam breaststroke) nobody
cared about this.
CG
What don’t they just eliminate breaststroke and be done with it.
Dylan
i got dq’d
for that I DIDNT EVEN KNOW WHAT THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT
MickeyDees
So is this
in place in the NCAA? If not, when is it effective?
BJ Donahue
A former
swimmer, active coach and official, I can not enforce this (now former) rule.
It is impossible to watch feet and hands simultaneously, especially with the
angle, light, waves, and parallax causing distortion. Unenforceable rules are
an oxymoron. Next rule to eliminate us shoulders parallel to bottom before
breaststroke pullouts. Dumb rule with no advantage to swimmer.
Jim
Got DQ’d
more times than i can count for this rule… Not any more
ALazof
Ive been
DQed for failure to separate the hands before the kick twice in the past year.
When looking back at tapes, it’s nearly impossible to tell the difference
between if the swimmer’s hands are still in a streamline or if they are
separated by a mere inch. Great rule change.
caliswimgrl
I see dozens
of violations of heads breaking the surface way after the 15 meter mark in
backstroke and fly when watching videos as well as in person. Maybe someday
laser beams at the 15 m mark or something like that could be the objective
judge of precise limits of distance underwater. As soon as the beam is broken –
at whatever angle it shoots from, either overhead or from behind – the
judgement is made by a computer, just like false starts. Just throw out the
underwater pull and kick altogether and do a bunch of fly kicks like all the
other strokes. After all, underwater fly kick it is being touted as “the fifth
stroke, right?” The old fashioned “one pull, one kick” is outmoded now. Think
outside the box. If you’re going to change and advance breaststroke, change it
a lot.
- MarkB
The hands would break the laser beam first.
floppy
When zero dolphin kicks were allowed, swimmers tried to sneak one into
their pullout.
Now one dolphin kick is allowed, and swimmers try to sneak a second into their pullout.
Next two dolphin kicks will be allowed; swimmers will try to sneak three with their pullout.
Now one dolphin kick is allowed, and swimmers try to sneak a second into their pullout.
Next two dolphin kicks will be allowed; swimmers will try to sneak three with their pullout.
That seems to be the very predictable path we’re on.
LA
Hate to see
people complaining about being dq’ed because of this. Breaststroke IS the
hardest stroke to master, and if you got dq’ed before maybe is time to
re-evaluate your swim coach or your honesty.
This rule
seems like it will make the referees’ job easier. Since the only infraction
they will be looking for in the pullout is the number of dolphin kick the
swimmer will make.
Wonder which
one might be faster: streamline fly kick then pullout (standard), or pullout
then streamline fly kick(according to the interpretation of the new law)?
- Sven
My guess is that the faster version would be a dolphin
kick while in streamline, then the pullout. You’d get more out of the kick
(same amount of power, way less drag) and this would help maintain the extra
speed achieved off the wall/block for a longer distance before needing to pull
the arms down. I don’t see much value in doing a dolphin kick while your arms
are at your sides. Not having to separate the hands before doing the dolphin kick
is going to reduce drag and also give the swimmer more options as far as
timing: i.e. glide until speed goes down, kick, break hands apart, then pull
vs. kick while going moderately fast, glide a bit until you slow down, break
hands apart, then pull.
I imagine this extra freedom will make the “perfect”
pullout much more variable and subjective based on different strengths and
weaknesses.
CG
What don’t they just eliminate breaststroke and be done with it.
- bobthebuilderrocks
No. That idea is bad and should never be thought
of/about ever again.
- Erik Sterne
I agree, breaststroke is a survival/rescue stroke. It
was refined/altered into a competitive swim stroke with an above the surface
recovery of the arms many decades ago. It is now known as the butterfly stroke.
Beautiful, powerful and graceful, not choppy and awkward and physically
damaging
- Gina Rhinestone
it is always a pleasant surprise to see a technically
proficient breastroke that just looks natural .i like to watch frogs also.
There is something mesmerising about both . I have a backyard frog pond) .
Unlike fly . It is something that you can use all
through life . However the question is , does it reward naturally flexioned
feet/ turnout hips structure or allow imposters a let in. Besides that small
thing called survival , the only benefit to being a good breastroker is to pass
people by in the medley leg. Are we bullying natural breastrokers away from
sport .God knows they can’t do anything else .
However I do wonder what a super trained performance
enhanced frog would swim like. I got some natural talent in that pond &
could just spike them up a bit & teach them to put in a dolphin kick off
the rock …
.
.
CD
What is so
good about this?
- coacherik
easyspeed
Sigh. I see
once again it’s up to me to provide clarity to a vexing dilemma. And the
solution is *drum-roll*…
Get out the
cameras and ban the dolphin kick all together!
What has
butterfly invaded all the other strokes? I remember the good old days when
breaststroke was breaststroke and backstroke was backstroke.
Ok,
freestyle I can understand because technically freestyle can be swum with any
stroke.
But do we
really need a dolphin kick in breaststroke? I mean, in SCY you have some
swimmers taking like two actual strokes of breast per length. It’s become more
of “200 Pullouts” than actual breaststroke.
jenni
Dunno why
they don’t just invent a new stroke altogether. Fc/Bc/Fly/Brs and ‘Flubry’ 
I learned backstroke with
double arm pull, front crawl with straight arm, side stroke and breast stroke with
a very long underwater pull. Of course that was in the days when people still
wore hobnail boots and walked everywhere. So, seems like I have invented a new
stroke..flubry here we come.
I learned backstroke with
double arm pull, front crawl with straight arm, side stroke and breast stroke with
a very long underwater pull. Of course that was in the days when people still
wore hobnail boots and walked everywhere. So, seems like I have invented a new
stroke..flubry here we come.
Swimmer
I’m going to
be an Olympian one day!
seabas22
Just allow
dolphin kick all the way! Frog kick is bad on the knees.
Shabbir
Kapasi
Hello, can
anyone help me with a video explanation on the new Breast Stroke pull out rule.
CB
Cut the fly
kick out already, never should have been allowed to begin with. Darn you
Kitajima!
richard
I like the
idea of cameras but I think if you are caught cheating there should be
consequences, more than just DQ’d – to do multiple kicks off the start on entry
or doing a fly kick at the beginning and end of the pull down requires training
/practice – if you are practicing to cheat there should be harsher consequences
when caught – it’s the same as doping – the athlete is intentionally doing it,
ban them and their coaches for a period! Harsh but it will clean up the sport.
- Sven
I like it. I’d say increasing fines would do for a
first and second offense, with suspensions following after 3.
===============
[extraase din lucrarea Despre inot, M.Olaru, 2007, ed. SSE, Buc.]
Fiin cel
mai lent procedeu de inot Brasul a avut parte de cele mai multe schimbari de
regulament urmare a tot atat de multe incercari de a ‘perfectiona’ miscarile in
scopul cresterii vitezei; prin anii 1926-27, germanul
Reprezintă
o modalitate veche a oamenilor de a înainta în apă; ca toate mişcările de înot
dealtfel, Brasul sugerează mişcări de căţărat, de depăşire a unui obstacol (alură comună începătorilor puţin înstruiţi).
se remarcă, tehnica de înot Bras, ne referim a cea care este astăzi
acceptată ca "tehnică corectă", este cea mai de timpuriu
practicată. Exista un papirus pe care a
fost reprodusă această veritabilă chinogramă are o vechime de cca 5000 de ani şi
indică interesul egiptenilor pentru practicarea înotului.
[In lucrarea enciclopedică ‘ Sprechen im sport untericht eine
analyse sprachlicher inszenierungen von sportlehren’, autor Detlef Kuhlman,
editată în Germania, 1973, la pag. 280 este
redată o pictură rupestra datată cu cca 3000 ani î.Ch.,care este situată în
perimetrul Gilf Kebir de pe teritoriul actual al Libiei.
Personal
cred că pictura, chiar naivă de-ar fi, nu reprezintă decât o veritabilă
kinograma a unui procedeu de înot situat între ‘câineasca’ şi ‘bras’.
Important
este faptul că ea este poate cea mai veche reprezentare despre înot…, că în
acele vremuri a existat un interes mare pentru învăţarea înotului, că locurile
de atunci, permiteau practicarea înotului cu toate că azi acolo este un
veritabil deşert. [Un
cercetător britanic a făcut o afirmaţie surprinzătoare – acum cca 6.000 de ani
clima s-ar fi schimbat radical şi astfel locuri care odată erau pline de
vegetaţie şi apă au devenit rapid pustiuri de nisip (2006)]
Idiograma care în scrierea hieroglifică reda
noţiunea ‘înot’ invită la constatarea că ‘tehnica crawl’ era si ea bine cunoscută de egipteni…(Carl Diem,
"Cultura fizică la egipteni", 1932)..La fel, de data asta pe un
papyrus egiptean a fost redată coordonarea mişcărilor în procedeul bras. In papirusul evocat mişcarea
este decompusă în 3 ‘timpi’ Metodica
modernă, din zilele noastre, ‘elimină’ timpul (2), elevul fiind învăţat să
vâslească eliptic- nu circular (!), practic, parcă ar împinge apa cu călcâile
până la întinderea completă a picioarelor.[ Este
posibil că autorul kinogramei bras, cunoscând importanţa momentului de pauză
care trebuie marcat imediat după terminarea pregătirii (1), să fi adăugat încă
odată acest moment; lipsa acestei pause, infime chiar, ar face că întreaga
mişcare să semene cu o ‘învârtire a ciorbei’, de fapt o amestecare a apei şi nu
o apăsare pe direcţia de înaintare, greşeală specifică începătorilor care nu au
încă dezvoltat ‘simţul apei’.]
Bibliografie selectivă
1925 - Auge Claude –
Nouveau petit Larousse ilustre, lib. Larousse, Paris,.
1968 W. Kunding – Turquie, Ed.Silva, Zurich, Ch.
1969 - Liuţkanova I–
Trenirovka na Pluveţa, Mediţin i Fizkultura, , Sofia,
1978 - Oppenheim Francois
– Histoire de la Natation, Chiron-Sports.
1979 - Pahncke Wolfgang –
Schwimmen in Vergangenheit, Sportverlag,
Berlin,
1983 - Matei H.C. –
Civilizaţia Lumii Antice, Ed. Eminescu,
1987 Padoverse, Dalbesio,
Granella, Aliani – Turchia, I luoghi delle origini Cristiane, Ed. Piemme, Parma, It.
2007 - Despre inot, M.Olaru, ed, SSE, ISBN _10 973-04544-5
Brasul mai este
evocat şi de istoricul grec Tucidide (460-395 î.e.n.) care descrie cum înotau
soldaţii greci pe sub apă (‘ca nişte
broaşte’) pentru a ataca portul asediat al Siracuzei. Totuşi, diferitele imagini care evocă
practicarea înotului (ornamente pe
amfore, monede, etc.) nu ating gradul de perfecţiune (în reprezentare a tehnicii) pe care îl remarcăm în cazul
egiptenilor, probabil că în cultura lor înotul se bucura de mare preţuire.
Un moment important pentru reprezentarea acestui procedeu
este evocarea lui în prima lucrare de înot (1538) în care autorul Nicolas
Winnman, îl apreciază ca cel mai "frumos şi odihnitor" stil în comparaţie cu înotul pe o parte(!!!) ,
la fel de indicat pentru a înota şi pe spate...
Odată cu trecerea anilor Brasul se
răspîndeşte, mai ales în Anglia şi Germania unde, în prima jumătate a secolului
XIX, se organizau competiţii profesioniste importante (cursa de 1 milă pe Tamisa, întreceri ale 'tăietorilor de sare' din
Halle, etc.) la care se înota Bras.
În 1817 generalul
prusac Ernest von Pfuell a pus la punct o tehnologie de învăţare a mişcărilor
de Bras pe uscat, în cazărmile soldaţilor sub conducerea unui personal mai
puţin calificat în învăţarea înotului.
Cu toată
popularitatea atinsă, la primele două ediţii ale J.O. probele de Bras nu au
figurat în programul tehnic de concurs, de abia în 1904 apare pe distanţa de
440 yarzi, iar din 1908 proba de 200 m, proba de 100 m fiind adoptată destul de
tîrziu (1968).
Brasul anilor 1900,
brasul clasic cum i se mai spune, avea o tehnică simplă, parcă lipsită de
subtilităţile cu care sîntem obişnuiţi astăzi - capul mult ridicat la suprafaţa
apei, la fel umerii şi în general corpul menţinut mult spre verticală, vâslirile
aveau un contur larg, evident puţin eficace dar foarte sigure pentru începători,
mişcările exacte şi precise făceau ca înotătorul să execute de cele mai multe
ori, mişcările, în mod mecanic.
Începînd din anul
1930, favorizaţi de o serie de imprecizii ale regulamentului, unii brasişti
încep să readucă braţele înainte – lateral, prin aer, fapt care a condus la
apariţia procedeului fluture.(Erick Rademaker)
De fapt, această
inovare a izvorât din interesul permanent al brasiştilor de a creşte viteza de
înaintare la "cel mai lent procedeu de înot", dar FINA, în 1935 a
interzis această soluţie, apărând / salvând Brasul de la o deformare care l-ar
fi compromis categoric. Aceste tendinţe
au continuat, astfel că în perioada 1950-1957 au început să apară brasişti care
concurau înotând porţiuni nefiresc de lungi sub apă (vâslirea în acest caz este mai lungă şi deci produce creşterea vitezei)
dar "preţul" plătit de înotător era prea mare - înotând în condiţii
hipoxice organismul era suprasolicitat
(in special de catre sovietici )
Sesizând acest lucru FINA a interzis brasiştilor înotul sub apă ( din 1957 a fost permis doar executarea unui
singur ciclu de vâslire sub apă, fără a respira, după start sau înotarcere,
obligând astfel înotătorul să menţină capul, sau o parte a acestuia la fiecare
vâslire pe suprafaţa apei).
Încorsetaţi de cele mai
multe prevederi, în comparaţie cu alte procedee, brasiştii continuă să inoveze
tehnica: pentru a câştiga viteză corpul trebuia să adopte o poziţie cât mai
apropiată de suprafaţa apei iar pentru a reuşi acest lucru, inovatorii brasului
au reorganizat coordonarea braţelor cu respiraţia; astfel , atunci când, în mod
firesc braţele termină vâslirea şi ca o consecinţă a acestei vâsliri corpul se
ridică, a fost plasat şi momentul inspiraţiei.
Noua coordonare, a
fost denumită "Bras cu inspiraţie întârziată" şi a fost demonstrată
din 1963 de japonezi (Osaki Yoshikiko) şi americani (Chester Jastremski) cu
care tehnică au ridicat radical tempoul de înot, au beneficiat de vâsliri mai
adânci iar ca o consecinţă au modificat vâslirea circulară a picioarelor cu o
mişcare eliptică, scurtă explozivă şi eficace.
Brasul "întîrziat"
a condus la realizarea unor performanţe superioare dar permanent expuse la
descalificare prin tendinţa de a adopta o poziţie scufundată a capului imediat
după efectuarea inspiraţiei.
Înotând astfel,
mulţi brasişti au început să alcătuiască suita mişcărilor aidoma cu cele
realizate la ondulaţiile delfin, dar cerinţa de a avea permanent capul peste
nivelul apei împiedica realizarea acestei mişcări naturale
Timp de cca 25 de
ani brasiştii s-au luptat cu Comitetul tehnic al FINA pentru a obţine
permisiunea de a scufunda capul în apă - din 1987 acest lucru a fost aprobat
prin prevederea –‘la fiecare ciclu de braţe înotătorul trebuie să execute o
respiraţie’ - deci, indiferent cât de adânc intră/ondulează capul în apă, dacă
el revine sus la fiecare respiraţie înotătorul nu este sancţionat.
( ondulaţia delfin este totuşi permisă ca o mişcare unică, singulară doar
după start sau întoarceri, conform cu ultimele precizări ale FINA).
[selectat din lucrarea ”Despre Inot”, by
Mircea Olaru, ed. SSE, 2007]
dec. 2104, Doha
No comments:
Post a Comment